Explain John Rawls’ philosophy of liberalism in detail, as we have discussed it in class.

Explain John Rawls’ philosophy of liberalism in detail, as we have discussed it in class.

What do you think is the main strength of liberalism, in comparison with the current plutocracy? What is its main weakness? Make sure to include an assessment of how well liberalism deals with the current problems of unequal wealth distribution as either a “strength” or a “weakness”, depending on your opinion of the matter. (Be sure to explain why these alleged strengths and weaknesses are important ones.)

*Notes :

• The unfairness of the natural and social lottery (“John Rawls”, SEP, sec. 4.2; and “Distributive Justice”, SEP, sec. 4 on “Luck Egalitarianism”)

• Liberalism (also called “welfare capitalism”) has two principles, in order of priority:
Principle #1 Principle of equal basic civil liberties [we won’t discuss this, as we are focused on philosophies of distributive justice]

Principle #2 Principle about social and economic inequalities: social and economic inequalities [in wealth and income] are permissible provided that
• They are to be attached to positions open to all under conditions of fair equality of opportunity. This requires:
• formal equality before the law: no discrimination regarding educational and economic opportunities: in hiring, promotion, admissions, access to public office, buying & selling, etc. (e.g. no segregated bars)
plus

• on the ground equality: provision of resources to provide skills and other tools needed to compete on an equal footing for educational and economic opportunities: (e.g. no Mandarin exams)
• They are to the benefit of the least-advantaged members of society (the difference principle).

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