Betadine versus using chloraprep or solutions like it.

Betadine versus using chloraprep or solutions like it.

Objectives:
724.8.1-01: Critique an original research report for a nursing research article to determine
how the researcher addresses the five areas of a research report.
724.8.1-02: Assess the strength of evidence presented in a given literature source on a
specified topic.
724.8.1-03: Recognize what ethical issues may arise while conducting a nursing research
study.
724.8.1-04: Recommend an appropriate type of research for a given nursing practice
purpose.
724.8.1-05: Develop an annotated bibliography of nursing research articles that address a
given evidence-based practice issue.
724.8.1-06: Identify types of statistically based tools commonly reported in evidence
summaries from nursing research.
724.8.2-01: Use a given preconstructed expert search strategy to locate primary research
in a specified major bibliographic database.
724.8.2-02: Identify the key criteria for a well developed evidence summary.
724.8.2-03: Explain why it is important to use a theoretical model for nursing research or
practice.
724.8.2-04: Conduct an in-depth review of specified current peer-reviewed research
articles to evaluate the efficacy of a specified therapeutic approach to a given clinical
practice problem.
724.8.2-05: Recommend a practical application of a given theoretical model based on a
review of current research.
724.8.2-06: Evaluate nursing care or management implications of a specified therapeutic
nursing intervention based on a review of relevant literature.
Introduction:
It is important that the nurse with a bachelor of science in nursing be able to use research based
studies to inform decision making in the clinical area.
Task:
A. Select an article from a nursing research journal and critique the article (suggested
length of 2?3 pages) by doing the following:
1. Identify the article you have chosen in an APA-formatted citation.
2. Design a graphic or chart to show how the researcher addressed the five areas of a
research report (background information, review of the literature, discussion of
methodology, specific data analysis, and conclusion).
3. Based on your analysis of the five areas, assess whether the evidence presented in
the research report supports the conclusion (suggested length of 1/2?1 page).
4. Discuss ethical issues that may have arisen for the researcher while conducting the
research for the article (suggested length of 1/2?1 page).
5. Discuss the type of research used for the study (suggested length of 1/2?1 page).
a. Explain whether or not other types of research would have been appropriate in
the same situation.
B. Conduct a literature search to evaluate nursing care or management implications of a
therapeutic nursing intervention by doing the following:
1. Identify a nursing care or management problem for a therapeutic nursing situation.
2. Complete the attached matrix to list 10 primary research sources (peer-reviewed
articles) you locate in major medical databases.
Note: Submit your completed matrix as a separate attachment to the task.
Note: Credible sources may include professional journals, research reports,
professional Web sites, governmental reports, current texts less than five years old,
and presentations from professional meetings.
3. Conduct a review of the 10 peer-reviewed research articles in which you:
a. Develop an annotated bibliography (suggested length of 2?3 pages) of the
articles.
Note: An annotated bibliography is one that includes not only a brief summary of
content for each book or article reviewed, but also contains other relevant
comments and information that the candidate believes can be of help for future
study. See Web Links below for more information on annotated bibliographies.
b. Discuss whether the researchers present a case for the efficacy of a specified
therapeutic approach.
c. Identify whether the researchers chose tools that were similar or different.
d. Discuss whether you believe the tools the researchers chose could have affected
their results.
4. Develop an evidence summary of the articles, identifying what key criteria were used
to develop it (suggested length of 1/2?1 page).
5. Recommend a specific nursing strategy based on the theoretical models and evidence
you found in your review (suggested length 1/2 page).
6. Explain why you believe it is important to use a theoretical model for nursing
research (suggested length of 1/2?1 page).
C. Include all in-text citations and references in APA format.
Note: Please save word-processing documents as *.rtf (Rich Text Format) files.
Note: For definitions of terms commonly used in the rubric, see the attached Rubric Terms.
Note: When using outside sources to support ideas and elements in a paper or project, the
submission MUST include APA formatted in-text citations with a corresponding reference list
for any direct quotes or paraphrasing. It is not necessary to list sources that were consulted
if they have not been quoted or paraphrased in the text of the paper or project.
Note: No more than a combined total of 30% of a submission can be directly quoted or
closely paraphrased from outside sources, even if cited correctly. Here are some helpful APA
resources:
This is how they grade the paper:
EBT1 – 724.8.1-01-06, 8.2-01-06
Levels/Criteria Unacceptable Needs Revision Meets Standard Exemplary Score/Level
Articulation of Response (clarity, organization, word usage, ease of understandability) There is no evidence of response to the prompts. The articulation of the response is weak. The articulation of the response is adequate. The articulation of the response is skillful.
Accuracy of Mechanics (grammar, punctuation, spelling) The work includes several major errors that disrupt the meaning or flow of the response. The work includes a few major errors and/or many minor errors that interfere with the clarity of the response. The work includes a few minor errors but no readily detectable major errors. The work includes no readily detectable major or minor errors.
A1. Article The candidate does not identify an appropriate article for the critique in an APA-formatted citation. Not applicable. Not applicable. The candidate identifies an appropriate article for the critique in an APA-formatted citation.
A2. Graphic The candidate does not design a graphic or chart to show how the researcher addressed the five areas of a research report. The candidate designs an imprecise graphic or chart to show how the researcher addressed the five areas of a research report. The candidate designs a reasonable graphic or chart to show how the researcher addressed the five areas of a research report. The candidate designs a precise graphic or chart to show how the researcher addressed the five areas of a research report.
A3. Assessment of Evidence The candidate does not assess whether the evidence presented in the research report supported the conclusion, based on the analysis of the five areas. The candidate provides an illogical assessment of whether the evidence presented in the research report supported the conclusion, based on the analysis of the five areas. The candidate provides a logical assessment of whether the evidence presented in the research report supported the conclusion, based on the analysis of the five areas. The candidate provides a credible and well-supported assessment of whether the evidence presented in the research report supported the conclusion, based on the analysis of the five areas.
A4. Ethical Issues The candidate does not discuss any ethical issues that may have arisen for the researcher while conducting the research for the article. The candidate provides an illogical discussion of any ethical issues that may have arisen for the researcher while conducting the research for the article. The candidate provides a logical discussion of any ethical issues that may have arisen for the researcher while conducting the research for the article. The candidate provides a credible and well-supported discussion of any ethical issues that may have arisen for the researcher while conducting the research for the article.
A5. Type of Research The candidate does not discuss the type of research used for the study. The candidate provides an illogical discussion of the type of research used for the study. The candidate provides a logical discussion of the type of research used for the study. The candidate provides a credible and well-supported discussion of the type of research used for the study.
A5a. Other Types of Research The candidate does not explain whether or not other types of research would have been appropriate in the same situation. The candidate provides an illogical explanation of whether or not other types of research would have been appropriate in the same situation. The candidate provides a logical explanation of whether or not other types of research would have been appropriate in the same situation. The candidate provides a credible and well-supported explanation of whether or not other types of research would have been appropriate in the same situation.
B1. Problem The candidate does not identify an appropriate nursing care or management problem for a therapeutic nursing situation. Not applicable. Not applicable. The candidate identifies an appropriate nursing care or management problem for a therapeutic nursing situation.
B2. Matrix The candidate appropriately completes the matrix for 0?7 primary research sources located in major medical databases. The candidate appropriately completes the matrix for 8?9 primary research sources located in major medical databases. Not applicable. The candidate appropriately completes the matrix for 10 primary research sources located in major medical databases.
B3a. Annotated Bibliography The candidate appropriately develops an annotated bibliography for 0?7 of the articles. The candidate appropriately develops an annotated bibliography for 8?9 of the articles. Not applicable. The candidate appropriately develops an annotated bibliography for 10 of the articles.
B3b. Efficacy The candidate does not discuss whether the researchers present a case for the efficacy of a specified therapeutic approach. The candidate provides an illogical discussion of whether the researchers present a case for the efficacy of a specified therapeutic approach. The candidate provides a logical discussion of whether the researchers present a case for the efficacy of a specified therapeutic approach. The candidate provides a credible and well-supported discussion of whether the researchers present a case for the efficacy of a specified therapeutic approach.
B3c. Tools The candidate does not identify whether the tools the researchers chose were the same or different. Not applicable. Not applicable. The candidate identifies whether the tools the researchers chose were the same or different.
B3d. Effect on Results The candidate does not discuss whether the tools the researchers chose could have affected the results. The candidate provides an illogical discussion of whether the tools the researchers chose could have affected the results. The candidate provides a logical discussion of whether the tools the researchers chose could have affected the results. The candidate provides a credible and well-supported discussion of whether the tools the researchers chose could have affected the results.
B4. Evidence Summary The candidate does not develop an evidence summary of the articles, identifying the key criteria used to develop the summary. The candidate develops an imprecise evidence summary of the articles, identifying the key criteria used to develop the summary. The candidate develops a reasonable evidence summary of the articles, identifying the key criteria used to develop the summary. The candidate develops a precise evidence summary of the articles, identifying the key criteria used to develop the summary.
B5. Recommendation The candidate does not recommend a specific nursing strategy based on the theoretical models and evidence found in the review. The candidate provides an illogical recommendation of a specific nursing strategy based on the theoretical models and evidence found in the review. The candidate provides a logical recommendation of a specific nursing strategy based on the theoretical models and evidence found in the review. The candidate provides a credible and well-supported recommendation of a specific nursing strategy based on the theoretical models and evidence found in the review.
B6. Theoretical Models The candidate does not explain why it is important to use a theoretical model for nursing research. The candidate provides an illogical explanation of why it is important to use a theoretical model for nursing research. The candidate provides a logical explanation of why it is important to use a theoretical model for nursing research. The candidate provides a credible and well-supported explanation of why it is important to use a theoretical model for nursing research.
C. In-Text Citations and References in APA Format The candidate does not provide in-text citations or references, or there are major APA formatting errors that significantly disrupt the comprehensibility of the submission. The candidate provides in-text citations and references, but there are several major APA formatting errors. The candidate provides in-text citations and references, and any APA formatting errors are minor and do not disrupt the comprehensibility of the submission. The candidate provides in-text citations and references that do not contain readily detectable errors.
Study Guide on Instructor:
TASK ONE EBT1
Study Guide
Brenda Luther, PhD, RN
[email protected]
5-5-2011
In this task you will:
? Critique 10 pieces of evidence to apply to your nursing practice.
? Search the library databases for pieces of original evidence on a topic that is of interest to you and your practice. (You will need the full article to address all the competencies in both Part A and Part B.)
? Part A of this task will first review one piece of primary evidence in detail.
? Part B of this task will compare and contrast 9 more pieces of primary evidence as a group.
A. Select one example of a primary research report from a nursing research journal on a topic of interest to you in nursing and critique the article (suggested length of 2?3 pages) by doing the following: (What does primary research mean? Find out in Brown or Houser before you search for articles)
1. Identify the article you have chosen in an APA-formatted citation. (This is where you demonstrate your competency on formatting a full APA citation. You can place this citation in the graphic below where it states ?full APA citation?
2. Design a graphic or chart to show how the researcher addressed the five areas of a research report (background information, review of the literature, discussion of methodology, specific data analysis, and conclusion). (You can use the example below or make your own chart covering these fives areas.)
Article Place full APA citation here to document your competency to format a full APA citation
Background Information Houser chapter 5 & some of 6– What is the author?s purpose statement? Does it make sense to you? Did they situate/describe their problem enough for you to understand? Did they have an abstract? Was it structured or unstructured? Did it tell you enough information about their study?
Review of Literature Houser chapter 6– How up to date, thorough, explanatory? Do you understand all the variables of the problem? Did the researchers give you enough in their review of the literature to make a case for the necessity of their study?
Methodology Houser chapter 8– Quantitative– Correlational design? Experimental design? Descriptive? or Qualitative- Grounded Theory, Phenomenology? Descriptive?
Use your Text to help you understand different methodologies researchers use. Read your article as the researchers should tell you the methods they used to research their questions.
Data Analysis Throughout Houser and covered in chapters 13 through 16 depending upon the research methods used. How did the researchers? analysize the data? Did they explain it enough for you to evaluate for external or internal validity?
Conclusion What are the conclusions of the researchers, do they make sense to you as a clinician?
A 3. Based on your analysis of the five areas, assess whether the evidence presented in the research report supports the conclusion (suggested length of 1/2?1 page).
Can these researchers make the conclusions that they made? Would anything else explain their results?
Are there any other plausible explanations for their conclusions?
A 4. Discuss ethical issues that may have arisen for the researcher while conducting the research for the article (suggested length of 1/2?1 page).
Did you note any ethical issues? Can you come up with any ethical issues from the research? How did they protect the rights of the study participants? Did they mention IRB or informed consent? Read Houser chapters on legal and ethical issues in research.
A 5. Discuss the type of research used for the study (suggested length of 1/2?1 page).
Houser defines types of research that you can review to identify the research type (methodology) for each article. Discuss the type (methodology) used for this study.
Was it: Quantitative– Correlational design? Experimental design? Descriptive? or Qualitative- Grounded Theory, Phenomenology? Descriptive?
a. Explain whether or not other types of research would have been appropriate in the same situation.
Would there be another way to examine these same variables to answer the research question (such doing a qualitative study versus quantitative or visa versa?) Did they answer their own research question enough for you? Would you suggest another way they could have studied the same research question that would be more efficient?, less cost?, less burdensome on the subjects/participants?
B. Continue to conduct a literature search for 9 more pieces of research to evaluate this nursing care or management problem related to nursing by doing the following:
B 1. Identify a nursing care or management problem for a nursing care or leadership situation (suggested length of 1/2?1 page).
Develop your own problem statement that is driving your review of research. Use evidence (citations) to demonstrate the need for your problem if you can, make a case for your problem needing to be assessed.
B 2. Complete the attached matrix to list 10 primary research articles (peer-reviewed, original research articles) you locate in major medical databases/sources. (What does primary research mean? Find out in Brown or Houser before you search for articles)
Note: You may submit your completed matrix as a separate attachment to the task.
Note: Credible sources of original research may include professional journals, research reports, professional Web sites, governmental reports, current texts less than five years old, and presentations from professional meetings. If you have an article that is meaningful to you and over five years old, justify this in your analysis of the article.
Evidence Matrix of 10 pieces of Primary Research on one Topic related to Nursing
Author, Source Date (year) Research Type (experimental, quasi-experimental, case series, ethnographic, etc) Population/
sample size Outcome measures Pertinent data from results Suggested Conclusions Comments
APA intext citation:
NOTE– you DO NOT need the full citation in this box, just the intext citation style of Author and Year Journal and database where the article came from ie CINAHL or PubMEd Use Houser to identify the research type. Also, the author?s should indicate type of research so look closely at their methodology. How many participants? Where was the study conducted? Geographic region as well as sample setting (hospital, clinic, community?) What variables did they measure? And what were their outcomes? What did the author?s identify as their key findings? Were these important to you? The author?s conclusions. NOTE that you are going to evaluate this conclusion after you critique the methods and article in total. Make notes here as to why this piece of research/evidence is important to you, why you chose to make this part of your 10 article review.
Next article
Etc.
B 3. Conduct a review of the 10 peer-reviewed research articles (same as those used in the matrix above) in which you:
a. Develop an annotated bibliography for each article (suggested length of 2?3 pages total for all annotations, suggested length of each annotation is found in the examples from https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/614/01/)
Note: An annotated bibliography is includes a brief summary of content for each book or article reviewed and other relevant comments of importance to you as well as and information that you believe can be of help for your future study.
NOTE B3b through B4 compare and contrast all of the articles and discuss them as a group.
B3b. Discuss whether the researchers present a case for the efficacy of a specified therapeutic approach.
Look at broad credibility issues (Brown, chapter 15 is a good source for critiquing credibility?previous chapters good too!). Make a case for your review of the author?s research approach? did they form their research methods to answer their questions, were their methods the most ?efficacious?. What is efficacy in research? Can be most cost-effective, can be the quickest way to the answer they are asking. Think most efficient manner to answer the question.
B3c. Identify whether the researchers chose tools that were similar or different.
Where the actual tools used to measure the variables similar in all the studies, were they different? IE what did the researchers measure? Did they measure the same variable with different tools? I.E. measuring obesity? Did some measure self-reported ht and wt and convert to BMI versus some that measured body fat with doubly-labeled water?
B3d. Discuss whether you believe the tools the researchers chose could have affected their results.
After you know how they measured their variables? could some of the researchers have less accurate measurement than others?, did some researchers pick better variables to measure the phenomena?
B 4. Develop an evidence summary of the articles, identifying what key criteria were used to develop it (suggested length of 1/2?1 page).
Synthesize your evidence, summarize all key points, be sure to include how some pieces are similar or how some are contrary, and how they fit together as a group, as a body of knowledge. And indicate what was the most important ?key criteria? you found that influenced your belief that the article was credible and important to your topic.
B 5. Recommend a specific nursing strategy based on the evidence or the theoretical models you found in your review (suggested length 1/2 page).
How would you change your practice based on the evidence (the new theoretical model the researchers provided)? Use your articles to back up your proposed strategy. The term theoretical model here refers to the ?theory? or ?model? that the researchers constructed as a new practice recommendation or care regime.
B 6. Explain why you believe it is important to use a theoretical model for nursing research (suggested length of 1/2?1 page).
Use Houser text to see how theory influences or constructs research (Chapter 7). Many researchers do not mention that they used or tested a theoretical framework/model for their research. In this task you are talking in generalities about how theory influences research. You are not necessarily reviewing what framework these researchers used (unless you were fortunate enough to have a researcher talk about their theory).
C. Include all in-text citations and References in APA format.
This paper is a mix of tables and narrative discussions. Focus on doing APA in-text citations and your reference list. You may feel towards the end of the paper that you have put references in multiple places as you have the first article in the matrix, then you have a full citation in each annotation. But the reference page also needs the full citations. APA has title pages, pagination (page numbers on each page), running head and margin.

The Task 3 research can coordinspond with Task 1- (5 resources needed)
the directions
SUBDOMAIN 724.8 – EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE & APPLIED NURSING RESEARCH

Competency 724.8.3: Research Integration – The graduate recognizes the significance of applying research in evidence-based practice, recognizes sources of evidence, and applies ethical principles to evidence-based practice research.
Competency 724.8.4: Outcome Evaluation – The graduate recognizes barriers to evidence-based practice and applies an evidence-based framework to promote safe and reliable healthcare.

Objectives:
724.8.3-06: Identify strategies for overcoming barriers to adopting an evidence-based practice for a given nursing situation.
724.8.4-01: Apply evidence-based research to guide implementation of a given quality improvement process.
724.8.4-02: Identify barriers to evidence-based practice in a given process or situation.
724.8.4-03: Recognize why a systematic review can provide a strong evidential foundation for clinical decision making in a given situation.
724.8.4-04: Discuss the difficulties of translating from research to practice.
724.8.4-05: Determine how to involve key stakeholders in obtaining staff compliance with an evidence-based practice change in a given situation.
SUBDOMAIN 724.8 – EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE & APPLIED NURSING RESEARCH
Competency 724.8.3: Research Integration – The graduate recognizes the significance of applying research in evidence-based practice, recognizes sources of evidence, and applies ethical principles to evidence-based practice research.
Competency 724.8.4: Outcome Evaluation – The graduate recognizes barriers to evidence-based practice and applies an evidence-based framework to promote safe and reliable healthcare.
Objectives:
724.8.3-06: Identify strategies for overcoming barriers to adopting an evidence-based practice for a given nursing situation.
724.8.4-01: Apply evidence-based research to guide implementation of a given quality improvement process.
724.8.4-02: Identify barriers to evidence-based practice in a given process or situation.
724.8.4-03: Recognize why a systematic review can provide a strong evidential foundation for clinical decision making in a given situation.
724.8.4-04: Discuss the difficulties of translating from research to practice.
724.8.4-05: Determine how to involve key stakeholders in obtaining staff compliance with an evidence-based practice change in a given situation.
Introduction:
As a nurse in a leadership role on a surgical floor, you and some of your colleagues have begun to question some of the routine perioperative procedures that are conducted. You wonder whether the procedures have a basis in research. In order to improve quality of care, you decide to undertake an evidence-based project to determine the basis for the procedures, any suggested changes, and possible barriers to implementation of a revised clinical practice guideline.
Task:
A. Select a perioperative procedure (e.g., routine shaving of the surgical site) that you would commonly find on a surgical floor.
1. Describe the process or procedure you have chosen and why you think it needs change.
2. Based on your initial investigation of the situation, do the following:
Note: You will need to ask hospital personnel.
a. Explain who determined the basis for the practice.
b. Explain the rationale for making the decision for the procedure.
c. Explain why the practice is performed this way.
3. Conduct a review of the literature concerning the procedure you have chosen.
a. Provide an APA-formatted reference list documenting at least five sources used in your review.
Note: You do not need to write a review of the literature.
Note: Credible sources may include professional journals, research reports, professional Web sites, governmental reports, current texts less than five years old, and presentations from professional meetings.
4. Explain (suggested length of 1/2–1 page) what the clinical implications of this practice might be, based on your review of the literature.
5. Discuss (suggested length of 1/2–1 page) whether the procedure could be done better, more efficiently, or more cost-effectively.
6. Discuss (suggested length of 1/2–1 page) how you would involve key stakeholders in the decision to change this procedure or comply with a proposed change.
B. Write an essay (suggested length of 1–2 pages) in which you:
1. Discuss the difficulties in translating what you have identified in the research into practice.
Note: You should distinguish between difficulties you would have interpreting what the research says and synthesizing it into a practice guideline or procedure, rather than just the outside barriers to change.
2. Discuss the possible barriers you could encounter in attempting to institute a change in procedure, based on your evidence-based study.
3. Identify at least two strategies that you and your team could use to overcome these barriers to change.
4. Explain how you can apply your findings to guide the implementation of improvements to the procedure.
C. If you use sources, include all in-text citations and references in APA format.
Note: Please save word-processing documents as *.rtf (Rich Text Format) files.
Note: For definitions of terms commonly used in the rubric, see the attached Rubric Terms.
Note: When using sources to support ideas and elements in a paper or project, the submission MUST include APA formatted in-text citations with a corresponding reference list for any direct quotes or paraphrasing. It is not necessary to list sources that were consulted if they have not been quoted or paraphrased in the text of the paper or project.
Note: No more than a combined total of 30% of a submission can be directly quoted or closely paraphrased from sources, even if cited correctly. For tips on using APA style, please refer to the APA Handout web link included in the General Instructions section.

how they grade
Articulation of Response (clarity, organization, word usage, ease of understandability) There is no evidence of response to the prompts. The articulation of the response is weak. The articulation of the response is adequate. The articulation of the response is skillful.
Accuracy of Mechanics (grammar, punctuation, spelling) The work includes several major errors that disrupt the meaning or flow of the response. The work includes a few major errors and/or many minor errors that interfere with the clarity of the response. The work includes a few minor errors but no readily detectable major errors. The work includes no readily detectable major or minor errors.
A1. Procedure The candidate does not describe an appropriate perioperative process or procedure or why it needs change. The candidate provides an imprecise description of an appropriate perioperative process or procedure and why it needs change. The candidate provides a reasonable description of an appropriate perioperative process or procedure and why it needs change. The candidate provides a precise description of an appropriate perioperative process or procedure and why it needs change.
A2a. Basis for Practice The candidate does not explain who determined the basis for the practice in the nursing area. The candidate provides an illogical explanation of who determined the basis for the practice in the nursing area. The candidate provides a logical explanation of who determined the basis for the practice in the nursing area. The candidate provides a credible and well-supported explanation of who determined the basis for the practice in the nursing area.
A2b. Rationale The candidate does not explain the rationale for making the decision for the procedure. The candidate provides an illogical explanation of the rationale for making the decision for the procedure. The candidate provides a logical explanation of the rationale for making the decision for the procedure. The candidate provides a credible and well-supported explanation of the rationale for making the decision for the procedure.
A2c. Explanation The candidate does not explain why the procedure is performed this way. The candidate provides an illogical explanation of why the procedure is performed this way. The candidate provides a logical explanation of why the procedure is performed this way. The candidate provides a credible and well-supported explanation of why the procedure is performed this way.
A3a. Reference List The candidate provides an APA-formatted reference list documenting 0–3 sources used in the review. The candidate provides an APA-formatted reference list documenting 4 sources used in the review. The candidate provides an APA-formatted reference list documenting 5 sources used in the review. The candidate provides an APA-formatted reference list documenting more than 5 sources used in the review.
A4. Clinical Implications The candidate does not explain the possible clinical implications of the practice, based on a review of the literature. The candidate provides an illogical explanation of the possible clinical implications of the practice, based on a review of the literature. The candidate provides a logical explanation of the possible clinical implications of the practice, based on a review of the literature. The candidate provides a credible and well-supported explanation of the possible clinical implications of the practice, based on a review of the literature.
A5. Procedural Changes The candidate does not discuss whether the procedure could be done better, more efficiently, or more cost-effectively. The candidate provides an illogical discussion of whether the procedure could be done better, more efficiently, or more cost-effectively. The candidate provides a logical discussion of whether the procedure could be done better, more efficiently, or more cost-effectively. The candidate provides a credible and well-supported discussion of whether the procedure could be done better, more efficiently, or more cost-effectively.
A6. Stakeholders The candidate does not discuss how to involve key stakeholders in the decision to change the procedure or comply with a proposed change. The candidate provides an illogical discussion of how to involve key stakeholders in the decision to change the procedure or comply with a proposed change. The candidate provides a logical discussion of how to involve key stakeholders in the decision to change the procedure or comply with a proposed change. The candidate provides a credible and well-supported discussion of how to involve key stakeholders in the decision to change the procedure or comply with a proposed change.
B1. Translation of Research The candidate does not discuss the difficulties in translating research into practice. The candidate provides an illogical discussion of the difficulties in translating research into practice. The candidate provides a logical discussion of the difficulties in translating research into practice. The candidate provides a credible and well-supported discussion of the difficulties in translating research into practice.
B2. Barriers The candidate does not discuss the possible barriers that might be encountered in attempting to institute change, based on the evidence-based study. The candidate provides an illogical discussion of the possible barriers that might be encountered in attempting to institute change, based on the evidence-based study. The candidate provides a logical discussion of the possible barriers that might be encountered in attempting to institute change, based on the evidence-based study. The candidate provides a credible and well-supported discussion of the possible barriers that might be encountered in attempting to institute change, based on the evidence-based study.
B3. Strategies The candidate identifies 0–1 appropriate strategies that could be used to overcome barriers to change. Not applicable. The candidate identifies 2 appropriate strategies to overcome barriers to change. The candidate identifies more than 2 appropriate strategies to overcome barriers to change.
B4. Application of Findings The candidate does not explain how to apply findings to guide the implementation of improvements to the procedure. The candidate provides an illogical explanation of how to apply findings to guide the implementation of improvements to the procedure. The candidate provides a logical explanation of how to apply findings to guide the implementation of improvements to the procedure. The candidate provides a credible and well-supported explanation of how to apply findings to guide the implementation of improvements to the procedure.
C. Sources If the candidate uses sources, the candidate does not provide in-text citations and/or references for each source used. If the candidate

 
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